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A couple of quick updates

Over at Design Shack they’re four posts into the five-post Introduction to CSS3, which covers Borders, Text Effects, the User Interface and (coming soon) Multiple Columns. A nice intro to the subject if our own examples are too complicated for you :p

The new owners of the Fonts and Web Fonts modules, Jason Cranford Teague and John Daggett, say that only about 20% of the Web Fonts module is required for CSS (it is currently part of the SVG charter), and propose simplifying it before merging with the Fonts module. They hope to have a working draft of the new spec in August.

Shaun Inman proposes CSS Qualified Selectors

Shaun Inman did a very interesting post yesterday on what he describes as “CSS Qualified Selectors”. The idea is nice, he wants to beable to do:

a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #A10;
    border-bottom: 1px dashed #A10;
}

And then for images:

a < img { border: none; }

So if <img> has a parent <a>, the border isn’t there.

What’s most interesting about the post though is the comments. It seems, as Eric Meyer states there, that this kind of selector has been discussed quite a few times on the CSS mailing list, and isn’t doable. Dave Hyatt, one of the core WebKit developers, comments with a good explanation of why it can’t be done. It’s a nice read, and a good insight into the difficulties of developing a new standard.

A further opportunity to help evolve CSS 3

Jason Cranford Teague has volunteered to edit the CSS Basic UI, CSS Hyperlink Presentation, CSS Fonts and CSS Web Fonts modules and is looking for feedback from users on the latter two. He asks:

Tell me what you think are some of the font styles and features missing from the current specification. What do you expect to be able to do with typography on your Web pages that you can not do now? What are you doing now with kludges that you would like to see simpler ways of doing?

Leave a comment on his blog if you have any ideas; and why not leave a comment here, too, to let us know what your opinions are? No deadline has been given, but I suppose it’s the sooner, the better.

Debug CSS3 (and more) with a dragonfly

Opera has one of the better levels of support for CSS3 (and other standards), making it an ideal platform for experimenting with future technologies and new techniques that these standards will offer. However, this has always been let down by the fact that Opera is very lacking in the web developer tools segment. To be frank, Firebug and the Web Developer Toolbar blow away anything Opera has offered in this realm.

This short coming is about to change soon. Opera has just announced today, with the release of Opera 95 beta 2, that Opera Dragonfly will be Opera’s web developer tools. These will be released as an alpha on the 6^th of May. In line with their alpha status, the tools will not be feature complete, but they will show a good foundation of Opera’s developer tool vision.

Once released, Opera is looking for feedback on the tools, to make sure they fit the needs of real world web developers and designers. I’m looking forward to web developers getting their hands on the Opera Dragonfly and finding out what the impressions are. If you are interested then go the the Opera Dragonfly website on the 6^th or just open the Web Developer menu item from the tools menu. In the mean time, Opera 9.5 beta 2 (Kestrel) has been released today, so it is a good time to check out what CSS3 properties it supports.

Webkit provides implementation of CSS-based gradients

I don’t have time at the moment to write a good summary, but the link to the announcement is below which includes some examples

CSS Gradients in Webkit

New features proposed for CSS

This week has seen the release of a raft of new proposals for features to be integrated into the CSS specification:

• CSS Animation
• CSS Transforms
• CSS Transitions
• CSS Variables

I personally have reservations about the Visual Effects proposals, feeling this is better suited to Javascript, but I seem to be in the minority on this so I will cede to the majority. I’m pretty excited about Variables, however.

CSS Working Group latest resolutions

The CSS WG had a face-to-face meeting in San Diego last month, and have released their latest resolutions in a series of posts on their blog:

Part I, Part II, Part III, Part IV, Part V, Part VI

Some of the highlights I saw on my first read through:

• Apple’s proposed animation & transition properties are to be considered.
• Web fonts are to be worked on with the SVG team
• The Advanced Layout module is still being discussed but will be renamed the Template Layout module
• A new type of list, tree-lines, was proposed
• A proposal for the use of constants will be published

Obviously there’s a lot more in there, but it’s nice to see that the Working Group is working!

IE9 to include alternative ‘CSS.2012′ standard

The Internet Explorer team announced on their blog today that they are unhappy with the slow progress and differing implementations of the various CSS3 modules, and will not be including any CSS3 functionality in IE8; instead they will be producing their own, alternative standard, which they are codenaming CSS.2012 (after the planned year of launch of the subsequent browser).

Few details have yet been released as to what the new standard will contain, although one new feature which was hinted at was the :silverlight selector, which will be used to replace text in selected elements with high-definition streaming video.

It is unlikely that CSS.2012 will be compatible with existing CSS standards, and MS intend to use their dominant market share to automatically push the new version onto desktops; with training being provided only by Microsoft-certificated teachers, this could end up being very expensive for web developers forced to re-train.

IE Platform Architect, Chris Wilson, said:

Other browsers and standards break the web, so CSS.2012 is our best effort at fixing it. It will be tightly integrated into .NET and Silverlight, and initially will only work in IE9. Other browsers will be able to license the technology after a few years, when we judge it is stable. Then they can’t break the web.

More information on the announcement here.

New hosting, WordPress 2.5 and more!

Some of you might have noticed that in the last few months, we’ve been having quite a few outages. Most of these were directly related to this blog being on Digg, Slashdot, Reddit, you name it. Some of the outages were caused by an even nastier thing, my other blog, an SEO blog, was on the same server, and had some articles, about WordPress SEO for instance, that were being hammered on a lot as well. Due to the fact that it was one environment, if that blog went down, this one went too, and the other way around.

So we started looking around for a better hosting provider, and thanks to David, we got in touch with the great guys at Media Temple, who graciously offered to take care of our hosting for us. This had the added benefit of this server being in the States, close to where 80% of our public is. So after a bit of work, we’re now on a new hosting environment, everything should be working again, and a bit faster than before.

We’ve also gotten a new RSS button, as you can see, thanks to my pal Roy Huiskes, and we’ve upgraded to WordPress 2.5, which I absolutely love. If there’s anything you see that’s not working correctly, let us know in the comments, and we’ll fix it!

BTW: we’ve got 3 advertising spots available at the moment on the right, if you’re interested, check out the advertising page.

Update: we now have gravatar support as well, get yourself one!

CSS 2007 snapshot, CSS3, and Acid 3

One of the interesting things about Acid 3 is that it tests parts of the CSS3 Colour and CSS3 Selectors modules, that are a part of the 2007 CSS snapshot. Now that both Opera and WebKit pass the standards part of the Acid 3 test, the support for the snapshot has now also improved. The CSS 2007 snapshot is the state of play in CSS at the end of 2007.

WebKit used to lack support for many CSS3 selectors, but now passes the CSS3 Selectors test on this site, and supports all of these selectors. Opera already supported these, but didn’t support HSLA, RGBA and the CSS3 values for transparent. These were added to pass Acid 3 in a post Kestrel build (which may or may not be back ported). Due to these improvements, support in these two browsers for the CSS 2007 snapshot looks healthy.

Ignoring CSS2.1 for now (which Opera has very good support for), both browsers fully support the Selectors Level 3 spec and the CSS Namespaces spec. For CSS3 Colour, the support isn’t quite as clear cut. Everything is supported in Opera, except the flavor keyword and the various related colour profile properties. These properties are at risk of being dropped by the spec however. WebKit has the same support except it doesn’t support currentColor yet, and has some bugs with allowing mixed values in RGB and RGBA. Firefox has had similar CSS3 Colour support to Opera for a while now

Away from the 2007 snapshot, ACID3 also tests Media Queries. These were already supported in Opera and WebKit, but are not yet supported in Gecko or the IE engine. Web Fonts (@font-face) are in the test and were already supported by WebKit, while Opera was developing support, but speeded up development to pass the test. Finally cursor from CSS3 Basic User Interface was added by Opera to pass Acid 3. I’m unsure if this was already supported by WebKit or not.

Although CSS3 UI is not part of the CSS 2007 snapshot, the spec is close to being complete–apart from lacking an editor or a test suite–and support in one or more browsers exists for many of the properties. The features supported by one or more browsers now includes box-sizing (Opera, Safari, Firefox and IE8), resize (Safari), outline-offset (Opera, Safari and Firefox), nav-up, nav-down, nav-right and nav-left (Opera) and cursor (Opera, Safari and Firefox).

Opera overtakes Safari in Acid3 race

Safari has been making great gains in its Acid3 score in recent weeks, currently residing on 96%. Opera however has come out of the chasing pack and moved from 77% in the latest weekly release of Kestrel, to 98% in the latest internal builds. As part of this it also includes the long requested CSS3 HSLA and RGBA support, and Web Fonts.

These improvements wont be included in a weekly Kestrel build any time soon. Opera, like Mozilla, are at a stage on our development process where we are closing in on a release, and thus regression testing and stability are critically important. This work will most likely (although not confirmed) go into a post Kestrel release, in case it causes regressions and the like. There will probably be an experimental alpha release showing this improved support in the not too distant future.

Webkit introduces ‘background-clip:text’

Yesterday Dave announced that the team have introduced a new proprietary value for the CSS3 ‘background-clip’ property.The new value “…causes the background image to clip to foreground text (including decorations and shadows). The shape of the foreground content (including alpha transparency in the content) is applied as a mask to clip background drawing for the box.”

I have come up with a few examples that show the new value being used in several different scenarios:-

• Background clips to text (Screenshot)
• Background clips to text (with text-shadow applied) (Screenshot)
• Background clips to text-stroke (Screenshot)
• Background clips to text-stroke (with text-decoration applied) (Screenshot)

Needless to say that you need to download the latest nightly to view the live examples. I have also included screenshots of each example (background image is a subtle vertical gradient).

Safari 3.1 pushes CSS3 support forward

Apple surprised a lot of people by releasing Safari 3.1 today (myself included!), and amongst its list of new & improved features (audio and video tags! SVG in img and background-image!) are two which will be of interest to readers of this blog: full CSS3 selectors support, and web fonts.

The first means that Safari now supports the missing nth-child / nth-of-type selectors, which are useful for styling tables and lists (amongst others), and also now passes our Selectors Test (which, while by no means exhaustive, is very useful). Opera 9.5 will also support these selectors; Firefox 3 probably won’t, IE8 is unknown.

The second is the more exciting to me, and I’ve already written a quick introduction (with example) on my own blog. In a nutshell, you can now embed fonts in your pages to display even to users who don’t have that font installed. There’s a longer article with more examples on A List Apart.

We’d known most of this was being implemented by Webkit/Safari, but had no idea it would be coming so soon. Congratulations to the whole team, and here’s hoping it serves as an example to the other browser makers.

Webkit now up to 91/100 on Acid3

It was announced yesterday on the Webkit Blog that their latest nightlies now score 91/100 on Acid3.

Kudos to the Webkit guys for obtaining such a high score after Acid3’s launch only earlier this month; I recommend you subscribe to the blog to keep up with their work, as it’s pretty active at the moment and I’m sure that activity is only going to increase the closer they come to passing Acid3.

A meta bug has been created in their Bugzilla which you can use to keep track of their progress and outstanding bugs relating to an Acid3 pass.

Other browser scores below:-

• IE8 - 17/100
• Opera nightly (build 4681) - 65/100
• FF3b pre 5 - 70/100

CSS3 features in IE8

I’m I began writing this post in IE8*, something I didn’t think I’d be doing just a short while ago; the IE team have certainly been busy in the last 18 months! As it’s beta software there are obviously quite a few rough edges and we can’t consider it feature complete, but I thought I’d take a look at what features of CSS 3 have made it in already.

The short answer: not many! In fact, the only ones I can find are the substring matching attribute selectors:

E[att^='val']
E[att$='val']
E[att*='val']

These allow you to choose elements based on substrings of their attributes; that begin with, end with, or contain (respectively) the provided value.

Other than that, nothing I can see. Although it’s not new to CSS3, generated content is supported, which is good news. Using the :before and :after pseudo-elements, you can add text content (and images according to the spec, although they don’t seem to work in IE8);

E:before { content: 'foo'; }
E:after { content: 'foo'; }

No opacity or RGBA yet, which is a shame as they’re supported in almost all of the other browsers. Still, it must be remembered that there’s still time for new features to be added before release.

* I had to switch to Firefox; IE8 is not ready just yet!

IE8 Beta Released

So, MS have finally pulled their finger out and released it

Link to installers

WARNING - the word on the street is that it IE8 automatically overwrites any IE7 installation so bear that in mind!

CSS3 Selectors - new test

MS reverse decision on IE8’s opt-in standards compliancy mode

Yesterday, Dean Hachamovitch announced that IE8 will, by default, interpret web content in the most standards compliant way it can. This decision is a change from what they announced initially which prompted a huge amount of feeback (good and bad) within the web community.

Dean goes on to mention that the change of heart was due to MS recently publishing a set of Interoperability Principles and suggesting that “…IE8’s default is a demonstration of the interoperability principles in action”.

Full blog post

Shape the future of CSS3: Final week

The closing date for letting the W3C know your priorities for CSS3 is Monday, March 10th. If you want to help shape the future of CSS, get over to webstandards.org and leave a comment now.

Tooltips with CSS3

As this is my first post, I’d like to introduce myself. My names James and I’m currently working as a senior User Interface Developer for Teachers TV. Like many of you guys, I’m fanatical about web standards and about creating the leanest, most semantic markup possible. I too am excited about the new possibilities with the arrival of CSS3, and am keen to contribute as much as I can to this great site. My first post is regarding a new method of creating Tooltips that I devised while coming up with a solution for a recent project.

Up until now, there were a few options in existence; ugly Javascript-based methods, or solutions that use blank anchor tags (for IE6 compatibility). Another possibility is to ignore IE6 altogether and make use of the hover pseudo class in conjunction with the parent element that contains the tooltip text. I had to think out the box a bit on this one, but have come up with a completely new CSS3-based solution.

My solution degrades gracefully in browsers that don’t support the CSS3 elements I’ve used and is a lot more elegant than former methods since it utilises an element’s title attribute, rather than creating additional markup within a parent element.

Let’s start with the HTML (Note: the following example is based on use of icon background images for the divs, hence the fixed dimensions):-

<div title="Tooltip text for first div"></div>

<div title="Tooltip text for second div"></div>

In short, my method is achieved by making use of the :before (or :after) pseudo class and content property, combined with the :hover pseudo class.

First off I grab the value of the divs title attribute by using the content property’s attribute function. Notice how I set the generated content to display:none -I’ll make it visible on :hover.

div:before{
	content:attr(title);
	display:none;
}

I now combine both :hover and :content pseudo classes together, to specify values for the generated content when the div is hovered over.

div:hover::before{
	width:200px;
	display:block;
	background:yellow;
	border:1px solid black;
	padding:8px;
	margin:25px 0 0 10px;
}

One of the problems I came across at this stage, was that when having two elements floated left to each other and you hover over one of the elements, although the tooltip displays, it renders underneath the adjacent element. It is a simple case of layering the generated content over the div; my immediate thought was to specify a layering value in the above statement. However, after referring to the relevant W3C spec, it was apparent that in line with their recommendations, user agents ignore the position property in an instance such as the above statement, therefore rendering a z-index value useless.

The solution was to specify the z-index and position properties in a separate statement dealing exclusively with the :hover pseudo class.

div:hover{
	z-index:10;
	position:relative;
}

This meant that it now works! It of course works in every browser above IE7 including Safari 3 and Firefox 2.0.0.12

Obviously there’s nothing you can do to stop the default behaviour of standards compliant browsers regarding rendering of title attributes, so when leaving your cursor on my method for too long, the default browser behaviour will overlay the generated content CSS effect

Live example
Our final code:-

div{
	width:20px;
	height:31px;
	background:red;
	float:left;
	margin:0 0 0 20px;
}

div:before{
	content:attr(title);
	display:none;
}

div:hover{
	z-index:10;
	position:relative;
}

div:hover::before{
	width:200px;
	display:block;
	background:yellow;
	border:1px solid black;
	padding:8px;
	margin:25px 0 0 10px;
}

Opera Dragonfly…soon

Opera has a dragonfly that is getting ready to hatch. If any of you are attending SxSW, Opera will be revealing more information there. Catch us at the booth or at the Rock Opera party at Stubbs on the 10^th of March. Keep your eyes open for updates to the Dragonfly site, for more information before then.

Opera Dragonfly will initially launch as a private beta to a select audience for its test flight, before going public when we are satisfied with the trials.

Just how useful are CSS3 selectors?

Mozilla’s John Resig has removed support for certain CSS3 selectors from the jQuery Javascript library, and says the fact that no-one has asked for them to be reintroduced is evidence that they aren’t very useful:

Now, I’m sure I’ll probably get lots of feedback saying “but ‘E + F’ can be useful, look at this example” or “of course ~= is useful, you can use it on rel attributes” - that’s not the point. The fact is that they are woefully un-used. To the point that they are a burden upon the implementors of the specification. What’s the point of implementing the above features - or more importantly: optimizing the above features for speed - if no one is using them.

Daniel Glazman, who authored the original spec, says that John is looking at them from a purely HTML-centric viewpoint, that lack of support means that people haven’t really thought of using them yet, and that just because the majority don’t have a use for them, doesn’t mean that they are useless;

So we have here selectors that are not implemented yet or not interoperably and Web designers don’t use them. How surprising!!! In CSS, we have some features here to serve some typographic local constraints, because we saw a menu in a restaurant nicely designed and we needed a new feature to be able to make it in CSS. Serves a very little community of users. That community will NEVER show up in any stat. Is that a reason to drop the feature? You don’t see a wide community of users for a given selector? Is that a reason to drop it? CERTAINLY NOT.

I’m with Daniel on this one; the key point for me is that the support for them at the moment is so limited that we haven’t yet seen what the talented development community can do with them. I’m sure I, as a front-end HTML developer, won’t use them as frequently as the existing selectors, but I already use some of them infrequently and look forward to using them more.

Making an image gallery with :target

One of the selectors new to CSS3 is the :target pseudo-class, which can be used to apply rules to an element with a fragment identifier; that is, an anchor name or an id. For example, let’s assume you have a section heading with an id of ‘chapter_2′:

<h3 id="chapter_2">The Title of the Chapter</h3>

You could create a direct link to that element by using the fragment identifier at the end of the URL:

http://www.example.com/index.html#chapter_2

And, with the :target selector, apply a background to that element to indicate clearly where you have arrived:

h3:target { background-color: #ff0; }

Pretty useful, right? Not a killer feature, but useful nonetheless. It can be made even more useful, however, with a little bit of ingenuity; how about, for example, a pure CSS image gallery?

Take a look at this example (in a browser which supports :target; Mozilla or Webkit browsers will do the trick). Clicking the links allows you to browse through the different images, and it’s done with minimal markup and no scripting.

The first step is to create a list, with the image, name, and link in each list item; for example:

<li id="one">
	<p><a href="#one">One</a></p>
	<img src="images/one.jpg">
</li>

Each list item needs an id, which will provide the anchor, and the link href is to its own id; this allows :target to work its magic! All the images are absolutely positioned on top of each other, and using the selector simply changes the z-index value so the targeted image is on top:

img { position: absolute; }

li:target img { z-index: 100; }

Easy! Of course, this is only a very simple example; with even more ingenuity, this could be expanded to become a very useful tool.

Making an image gallery with :target

One of the selectors new to CSS3 is the :target pseudo-class, which can be used to apply rules to an element with a fragment identifier; that is, an anchor name or an id. For example, let’s assume you have a section heading with an id of ‘chapter_2′:

<h3 id="chapter_2">The Title of the Chapter</h3>

You could create a direct link to that element by using the fragment identifier at the end of the URL:

http://www.example.com/index.html#chapter_2

And, with the :target selector, apply a background to that element to indicate clearly where you have arrived:

h3:target { background-color: #ff0; }

Pretty useful, right? Not a killer feature, but useful nonetheless. It can be made even more useful, however, with a little bit of ingenuity; how about, for example, a pure CSS image gallery?

Take a look at this example (in a browser which supports :target; Mozilla or Webkit browsers will do the trick). Clicking the links allows you to browse through the different images, and it’s done with minimal markup and no scripting.

The first step is to create a list, with the image, name, and link in each list item; for example:

<li id="one">
	<p><a href="#one">One</a></p>
	<img src="images/one.jpg">
</li>

Each list item needs an id, which will provide the anchor, and the link href is to its own id; this allows :target to work its magic! All the images are absolutely positioned on top of each other, and using the selector simply changes the z-index value so the targeted image is on top:

img { position: absolute; }

li:target img { z-index: 100; }

Easy! Of course, this is only a very simple example; with even more ingenuity, this could be expanded to become a very useful tool.

Webkit passes the CSS Selector Test

As of last week Webkit passes the CSS Selector Test joining Konqueror and Opera as the third browser to provide a stable and complete CSS selector implementation. You can download a nightly build for yourself to try it out. Congratulations to the Webkit team at Apple!

More information about the current state of CSS Selector support can be found on in the article CSS Selectors: Opera and Safari pass the test! over at Rakaz.nl.

Image Replacement in CSS3

h1 {
background-image:  url('image.png');
text-indent: -9999px;
}

h1::no-images { text-indent: 0; }

h1 { content: url('image.png'), contents }

h1 { content: require-font('FF Meta Serif'),

 url('image.png'), contents; }

Fully selected

If you’ve been reading this blog, you’ll know that Opera has been making great progress on the CSS3 selectors front in the latest version of its engine - Presto Core-2. While Opera 9.5 does pass every test in the CSS3.info selectors test, it wasn’t without issues. The test doesn’t test the ::selection pseudo element. It also doesn’t test what happens when manipulating the markup through the DOM. Both of these were not supported in Core-2, but that is now not the case.

If you go to this test page (Warning Geocities) with the latest Opera weekly, you’ll notice it is now working correctly. This is the last selector that Opera didn’t support. The dynamic behaviour of the selectors have also been fixed. If you head off to Quirksmode and try out either the :first-child and :last-child, :only-child, :first-line and :first-letter or the :empty tests, you’ll find that they all work. Although it is most likely not without bugs (what software is?), it seems Opera 9.5 will be the first browser that fully supports all selectors in CSS correctly. It could be that Konqueror has fixed the issues high-lighted on PPK’s blog, but I don’t have a copy to test. Leave a comment if that is the case. Konqueror does fantastically well even if it doesn’t support everything.

:target pseudo selector tutorial

There’s a good article online at Vitamin, Stay On :Target, about the CSS3 :target pseudo selector, which provides a good explanation and some working examples. :target is supported by all current browsers, except - well, I don’t need to say it, do I? - so you can start using it straight away.

Acid3 browser test completed, available now

Ian Hickson, the Google employee tasked with creating the next generation of acid test, has completed his work, which is now available for public consumption at its new home, acidtests.org. Unlike the first acid test, which focused on the box model, and the second acid test, which covered a broad variety of basic HTML and CSS features, Acid3 covers 100 of the nooks and crannies of HTTP, HTML, CSS, ECMAScript, SVG and XML, all through the medium of DOM scripting, a critical requirement for any modern web application. Ian Hickson is also the primary author of the HTML5 specification, which started life as a spec. called ‘Web Apps 1.0’, and as such has lots of application‐related features such as client‐side storage and enhanced forms. Ian wrote 64 of the tests, with the remaining 36 being submitted by both browser vendors and interested web developers.

Work started on the new acid test almost as soon as the IE developer team posted notification that IE8 passes Acid2. As was widely criticised around the ’net recently, it was revealed Internet Explorer 8 would now only pass the test if the server was modified to output a special HTTP header. It is not known to css3.info at this time whether the header would be required for IE8 to achieve compliance in the new test.

The state of IE browser share today

You can’t have failed to have noticed the announcement by Microsoft’s IE team this week, that the next version of the browser will require an ‘opt-in’ switch to display documents with older DOCTYPEs in full standards mode. That’s been debated at length elsewhere, but I thought it would be useful to do a quick, non-scientific poll of current browser share to get an idea of how long it might be before this becomes a pressing issue for us.

Note: The following results are taken from the last month’s statistics from 12 sites I manage, from personal blogs to international companies, with monthly visits from 300 to 320,000. The error of margin can not be calculated, so these figures should be taken as a guideline only. That said…

The last time I conducted a poll like this, back in May 2007, the total market share of all versions of IE stood at approximately 68%. According to my new figures, the share is approximately… 68%. Oh.

What has changed, however, is the share of different versions of IE; in May 2007 IE6 had 46.5% of the total, and IE7 had 21.1%; in my new figures, IE6 has 33.5%, while IE7 narrowly beats it with 34.3%.

While perhaps not as big a difference as we might have expected in eight months, at least we can see a noticeable decline in IE6 usage. Microsoft are currently including IE7 in their latest round of security updates, so with luck we’ll see another big shift in the months to come.

I’m not sure how aggressively we’ll see IE8 pushed when it is finally released, but on current form it looks like we may have to wait another couple of years before it gains decent market share and we can really take advantage of its advanced (fingers crossed!) features.